Using One Cell Necessary For Life And Discusses Its...

A cell is the smallest unit of life for any living organism and considered the essential component of life. Every living thing including humans, animals, and plants comprise of one or more cells in their body that perform different functions essential for living. There are different cells in the human body, in plants and animal functioning. This essay aims at using one cell necessary for life and discusses its properties of life, the core chemical terminology, its molecules, and compounds. Specifically, the assignment will describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the cell, how the cell respiration, photosynthesis, and reproduction occur in a concise manner. The paper will also discuss Mendel’s Laws as well as the DNA structure and†¦show more content†¦The epithelial cell consists of the keratinocyte cell that makes its monolayer. After getting nutrients, the growth factors of the epithelial cell enables it to grow and separate from the keratinocyte. The keratinocy tes get support from fibroblasts as shown by keratinocyte lines. The keratinoctes depend on finite life enabled by soluble products highly structured by the fibroblasts. The properties of life of the epithelial cell demonstrate that it is not an independent type of cell and requires fibroblast support for its sustainability (McLaughlin Seaquist, 2008). Cell anatomy and physiology Anatomy can be described as the branch of biology that studies the structures and parts of organisms. Physiology is the branch of biology that examines the normal functioning and parts of living things. Regarding the anatomy of the epithelial cell, it is lined in all the surfaces of the body including the body cavities, intestine, skin, and lungs among other parts. The physiology of the epithelial cell is that it forms the functional elements of the inner surface and line of blood, secretory glands, and the lymphatic vessels. It performs different functions including excretion, absorption, protection, secretion and gas exchange among others. The skin performs the protection function. The absorption function is through the intestines, secretion through the glands, gas exchange through the blood and lung vessels and excretion through the kidney. So as

Analysis Of The Book Monster - 1063 Words

Straight Outta South Central Why is gang affiliation such an alluring, appealing lifestyle? Admittedly, the appeal is conceivable. Watching Boyz in the Hood or listening to hip-hip may cause some to think, â€Å"I can live that life,† but thought does not turn into action while others never formulate such a thought. This raises the question, why does Monster Kody Scott, consider devout gang membership as a sole objective despite constant contingencies of incarceration and demise? To answer this question, this paper will take the social disorganization position in its review of Monster: An Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member. In addition, this paper will use examples to show that social disorganization explains the behavior portrayed the book.†¦show more content†¦Any reference to the ‘hood’ has negative connotations attached to its meaning. Modern reference to an area as the ‘hood,’ is analogous to the preceding term gangland. According to Thrasher, ganglands symbolize spatial and social interstitial areas. These interstitial areas consist of underlying conditions of social disorganization characterized by poverty, deteriorating neighborhoods, and the absence of both formal and informal social control mechanisms. As a result, interstitial areas cultivate interstitial groups, or gangs, that develop as an expression of the region’s socially disorganized state (Thrasher 1927/2000). In short, these regions are poverty-stricken, politically powerless, and socially marginalized. Politically Socially Oppressed There is a positive correlation between poverty and crime. In addition, crime does not need an economic motivate to reflect this positive correlation. Sanyika Shakur validates this notion when he reveals that, â€Å"we all were, children. Children gone wild in a concrete jungle of poverty and rage† (1993, p. 129). Shakur also postulates what members of gangs stand to gain from their devout affiliation when he contends that â€Å"gangs supply wayward youth with an idea of collective being and responsibility† (p. 375). However, it was common, rather, expected, that incarceration was the result of this inadequate socialShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Monster 1482 Words   |  6 PagesES 124 Book Project Question (60 points) Ms. Nguyen Winter 2017 Your answers should be typed, using MLA format A. Knowledge 1. Write the title of your book and the author’s name 2. List the characters and describe them a. Captain Robert Walton: As a failing writer, he sets out on a voyage to the North Pole in hopes of the fame in new scientific discoveries. He rescues the main character, Victor Frankenstein, and record the story as told by Frankenstein. b. Victor Frankenstein: Frankenstein narratesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Monster 2210 Words   |  9 Pagesteenage boy who is in denial and happens to be living a pretty normal life. His life was fine until a monster suddenly showed up at his house in the middle of the night. The monster ends up telling Conor stories; stories that have hidden lessons. The monster beats and destroys a room filled with valuables in his grandmother’s house and caused even more destruction to Conor’s life. Conor is mad at the monster for not helping him with his problems - which seem to be on the outside. Little does he know, theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Monster 1918 Words   |  8 PagesMonster by Sanyika Shakur yields a firsthand insight on gang warfare, prison, and redemption. â€Å"There are no gang experts except participants (xiii)† says Kody Scott aka. Monster. Monster vicariously explains the roots of the epidemic of South Central Los Angeles between the Crips and the Bloods that the world eventually witnessed on April 29, 1992. As readers we learn to not necessarily give gangs grace but do achieve a better understanding of their disposition to their distinct perception in lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book A Monster Calls 2218 Words   |  9 Pages Summary In the book â€Å"A Monster Calls† by Patrick Ness, Conor is a teenage boy who is in denial and happens to be living a pretty normal life. His life was fine until a monster suddenly showed up at his house in the middle of the night. The monster ends up telling Conor stories; stories that have hidden lessons. The monster beats and destroys a room filled with valuables in his grandmother’s house and caused even more destruction to Conor’s life. Conor is mad at the monster for not helping himRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Monster By Walter Myers2771 Words   |  12 Pagesssy Martinez Monster by Walter Dean Myers â€Å"The best time to cry is at night, when the lights are out and someone is being beaten up and screaming for help† (Myers 1). 1. This is the opening line of the book and the journal of Steve Harmon, who is also the main character and is on trial for felony murder. Steve Harmon is stating why it is better to cry at night. 2. What Steve is explaining that it is always better to cry at night when there are other activities happening and it is dark, becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Dreams From The Monster Factory 1512 Words   |  7 Pagescriminals were made this way and don’t have the ability to change. The memoir, Dreams from the Monster Factory, written by Sunny Schwartz and David Boodell, talks about the life inside a prison and jail and how Sunny’s RSVP program gives prisoners the ability to change their life around. Dreams from the Monster Factory was Sunny’s experience about what she saw working behind bars. She directed her book towards the public and other jails around her to try to bring awareness about how the RSVP programRead MoreWhy Does Frankenstein Begin and End with Waltons Letters?1188 Words   |  5 Pages Victor Frankenstein is a scientist whose ambition will be fatal. His story is central to Mary Shelley s Frankenstein. Nevertheless, Shelley gave a frame to Victor s tale as Frankenstein begins and ends with Captain Walton s letters. In this analysis, I will show that Shelley did not insert the letters by chance, but that they add a deeper dimension to the novel. Walton s letters play an important role for the reader may find many foreshadowed themes. As the novel progresses, the readerRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1664 Words   |  7 Pagessociety due to humankind’s fear of its appearance. The monster is enraged, and seeks to take revenge on its creator, Victor Frankenstein, and does this through the killing of his little brother, best friend, and wife. The monster then heads to the North Pole to seek refuge, where Frankenstein then seeks out the monster to end the life of his creation once and for all. Instead, Victor is fatally wounded by the monster, and the story ends with the monster accusing mankind for its lack of compassion beforeRead MoreSummary. This Research Task Sheds Some Light Into How A1490 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisation but it also helps the community. Nando’s is involved in many CSR projects such as the PINK campaign; the Peretti foundation; Goodbye Malaria Project and the one that will be further discussed, the Broken Monsters Charity Art Exhibition or also known as the Art Project. A SWOT analysis of the project will show the projects strongest points and its weakest points then the sustainability of the project. â€Æ' BRAINSTORMING ABOUT SOCIAL ISSUES â€Æ' â€Æ' Unemployment â€Å"Total number of able men andRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 Pagesof the celebrated authors around her time period. She did this by empowering her main character, Victor Frankenstein, with the enlightenment values of individualism and self exploration; only in a very pessimistic and gloomy way. Through careful analysis of quotes from Mary Shelley s frankenstein from a psychoanalytic view we can reveal some of mary Shelley s true motives in how she designed her characters. Psychology is all about finding motives. It’s all about finding out why people think the

Why was the Thirty Years War fought Free Essays

The Thirty Years War is a series of wars fought between 1618 to1648 for reasons that range from religious to territorial. It devastated most of Europe especially Germany and ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. It began with the resistance of Protestant nobles in Bohemia against the Hapsburgs, the family which headed the Holy Roman Empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was the Thirty Years War fought? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since its beginning, political affiliations among states played a role in the causes and the outcomes of the series of wars. When the war started, the German Protestants allied with Austria. They were defeated by another alliance, that of Brussel and Spain, which was sent by King Ferdinand II. In 1625, Denmark renewed the war but was defeated by General Wallenstein’s army, also sent by Ferdinand. Wallenstein was a Bohemian, but who sided with the Roman Empire in return for the spoils of war. The final phases of the war were initiated by Denmark, Sweden and France, all of whom were led to the fray in concern with the increasing Hapsburg power in their territories. The Peace of Westphalia, two treaties which ended the war, returned the German states which were seized by the Holy Roman Empire in the duration of the war to their former rulers. It also allowed them to practice and choose their religions. Countries like Switzerland and Netherland were granted independence. The treaty introduced religious tolerance and ended religious warfare. Matters could have been resolved earlier during the conflict, avoiding the death and destruction that it inflicted upon the affected countries has the Holy Roman Empire been not driven by ambition and greed for more land. The reason why states waged the wars against the empire was their fear of the increasing power of the Hapsburg over Europe threatening their very borders. King Ferdinand could have also appeased the Protestants within Germany; that he would leave them alone, way before the war expanded outside Germany. Reference The Columbia Encyclopia, (2001) Sixth Edition, 2001-2007. Columbia University Press. Retrieved on May 21, 2008. http://www. bartleby. com/65/th/ThirtyYe. html. How to cite Why was the Thirty Years War fought?, Essays

Shed Light On The Ethical Dimension Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Shed Light On The Ethical Dimension. Answer: Introduction Common-based peer production can be described as a socio-economic system of production that is appearing under the environment that is networked digitally. The hallmark of the socio-economic system enabled by the technical uses of internet can be seen as an alliance among the large corporations that are at times range from the order of hundreds to thousands; who work together effectively to share knowledge, information and cultural goods without depending on the managerial hierarchy or on the market pricing in order to coordinate their shared enterprise. It is seen that there are presence of various reasons to understand the unique production system that that has made some effective software, unique technologies for the betterment of the system (Levitt 2017). The purpose of this essay is to shed light on the ethical dimension rather than focusing on the functional dimension. It is seen that Deliverwoo and Uber are two such platform based peer production system and in recent times the platform economies are growing significantly. Discussion Deliveroo is a business organization that has been seen to get accusations regarding unethical actions and the management of the business organization stated that the delivery boys of the institution should be seen as independent workers as they should be treated as self-employed individuals as they get paid in a commission basis. The business model of Deliveroo is a platform based peer production that is similar to the business operation of Uber. The management of Deliveroo and Uber pays thousands of people on a commission basis for Delivering products or driving for the clients and thus they tried to avoid the allegations. It is a matter of fact that the provided guidance to the organization Deliveroo made their own employes getting confused regarding the roles and responsibility of the riders who are responsible to deliver the goods to the clients of the company. These guidelines were given to the organization in order to check and satisfy the dos and the donts of the business org anization. These are clearly unethical actions taken by the management to save the brand-value of the company and as a result of these, the image of the company got lowered and the reputation of the organization got ruined (Levitt 2017). The business organization had also got accusations regarding poor working environment and hostile actions of the male employees on the female employees. Facing this immensely significant challenge the HR department did not take a proper action. However when the news became public, the management of the organization arranged an investigation and took actions against 20 employees who were accused of disrupting the working ambience of the business organization (The Conversation, 2018). In a press meet the management of Uber disclosed the identities of the employees who were terminated by the management in order to cleanse the image of the brand. The management initially thought that by improving the public relation they will be able to get away with the allegation s they have received in recent times (Constantiou, Marton and Tuunainen 2017). Apart from these there are several accusations against the organization regarding the drivers behavioral issues towards the clients of the organization. The management of Uber needs to be aware of the fact that the management needs to spend a fortune to improve the situation and to improve the safety features for both the clients and the drivers working under the organization to improve the situation. In this case it is seen that there is a strong resemblance in the way of expansion of the businesses of Amazon and Uber as they both earned their dominance in the market by rapid investing and providing service at a significantly cheap rate than the other competitors of the market (Graham and Woodcock 2018). It is a matter of fact that the business operations of Uber does not involve the above mentioned costs and rather introduced some new establishment costs in the relatively new market of the organizations operation (The Conversation, 2018). It is seen that Ubers rate of development in the previous financial year was nearing 12 million US dollars that has been raised from various types of investors be it individuals or the institutions lie banks. It can be said that the payment structure for the riders should be in a form of the digital invoice rather than the pay slips. This list that contains dos and the donts are already provided to the employees of the organization and can certainly claim to initiate legal actions against the organization of the distinction between the riders and the employees who are directly under the payroll of the company is not cleared (Butler, 2018). The permanent employees in this case certainly can demand more employment rights and various benefits that may include minimum wage and holidays, sick leaves with full payment and many others. It has been seen that approximately 20 riders filed complaints against the organizations that the organizations does not consider them as the employees of the organizations and on the other hand the management of the organization placed their view stating that those individuals were only commission based self-employed people (Constantiou, Marton and Tuunainen 2017 ). It has been seen that at a time almost 200 riders of Deliveroo protested to get the status of employees of the organization as it is compulsory for them to wear uniforms during their shift and gets fixed rate for delivering the products. These are the gray areas of unethical actions taken by the managements of organizations like Uber and Deliveroo. It is to be mentioned that the operations of the companies based on the platform based peer production system like Uber and Deliveroo can be analyzed by the application of the principles of several ethical theories. Ethical theories provide guidance about making ethically correct decisions and also aim to analyze whether the operations of individuals or companies alike are in line with ethical principles. The theory of Utilitarianism states that while taking an ethical decision, it has to be kept in mind that the consequences of such decision must produce the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people (Lazari-Radek and Singer 2017). The theory of Utilitarianism also states that the actions of individuals and organizations must ensure to maximize the god over the bad. Utilitarianism considers the best decision to be the one which yields the greatest net benefit. It is to be stated that while assessing the benefits the stake holders are to be taken into consideration. To calculate the Utility the consequences of each of the individuals acts are to be taken into consideration and the ultimately the summation of the consequences are to be considered (Barrow 2015). In case of the company Uber the primary stake holders are the drivers and the customers who are the most essential elements of their business. However, Ubers decision to ignore the needs of the drivers and providing safety to the customers in order to avoid the costs to be incurred in the process can be considered unethical. The business model of Uber only focuses on the growth of the company and emerging in new markets however such business model does not have any scope for allocating funds to ensure that the ethical standards of business is met as the company has been facing huge losses (Lownsbrough 2018). Recently Uber has been charged with the claims of sexual harassments from employees and customers alike which provide evidence that the companys policy does not comply with ethical standards. The company Deliveroo has also been posed with claims of couriers. The company Deliveroo does not acknowledge the couriers who are instrumental to the success of the company as employees of the company. The company Deliveroo has claimed the couriers, who make deliveries and takeaways as independent contractors to avoid providing th em with employment benefits like holiday pay, leaves. Thus it can be stated that actions of the company are not in line with the principles of Utilitarianism as the operations of the company have failed to provide maximum benefits for the stakeholders (Mulgan 2014). Another Ethical theory that can be applied to assess the operations of the companies is the theory of virtue ethics. It is to be mentioned that the theory of virtue ethics is considered to be the one of the three major approaches of normative ethics. It primarily focuses on the moral character and virtues as opposed to other approaches that focus on duties, roles and consequences of actions of individuals and organizations alike (Van Hooft 2014). Just like consequentialists primarily attend to consequences and deontologists attend to duties proponents of virtue ethics attend to virtues and moral values. According to this theory, it can be stated that virtue can be considered to be a trait of a persons character which is very well entrenched in the possessor and cannot be acquired over time (Annas 2015). Thus by the application of the theory of virtue ethics it can be stated that Ubers action of not adhering to the needs of the drivers and the safety of the passengers can be considere d to be in violation of the principles of the theory of virtue ethics. The business model of Uber only focuses on the growth and development of the company in new markets and ignores the need for complying with the social standards due to improper allocation of resources and funds. The act of gender discrimination in the workplace and the claims of sexual harassments of the customers provide evidence about the unethical practices in the aforementioned companies. The act of not recognizing the couriers as the employees of the company Deliveroo is also against the principles of the ethical theory of virtue ethics. It can be stated according to this theory that the couriers are persons who make the food deliveries and are the ones who are instrumental in the success of the company and not recognizing them as employees for the purpose avoiding paying them employment benefits. This is against the principles of virtue ethics. It is unethical to treat the couriers as individual contractors who have to wear uniforms during the work shift, are paid a fixed wage rate. The movements of the couriers are also tracked by the company and are subjected to performance review. Therefore it can be said that the couriers of the company perform all the functions of employees but are recognized as independent contractor. Deontology theories are a series of ethical theories that primarily focus on the duties of the individuals to evaluate actions as right or wrong (Letwin et al. 2016). The theories of deontology do not consider the consequences of the actions of individuals as opposed to the theories of consequencialism. It is to be mentioned that the moral status of an act is not to be judged by the consequences of the act but rather the intentions of the agent who is performing the act. According to the theories of deontology it can be stated that morality of an individual involves the respect for the rights of individuals by the performance of their corresponding duties (Bowen and Prescott2015). The operations of Uber can be considered to be unethical judging by the principles of the theories of deontology. Ubers business plan cannot afford to allocate funds for providing safety to customers and rights to the drivers. It is the duty of the company to comply with the ethical standards however; the companys business plan primarily focuses on the growth of the company in new markets. The company Deliveroo also has the responsibility to the couriers to acknowledge them as employees as the company benefits from them. However Deliveroo addresses them as merely self employed contractors so as to avoid paying them the minimum wage rate as prescribed by the government and other employment benefits. Conclusion Thus it can be said that It is seen that there are numerous issues that hails from the ways of business operations of organizations like Deliveroo and Uber; and those issues are especially regarding the actions of the organizations like whether those are ethical or not. The business operation of Uber is backed up by the immense ambition of the management of the organization. Recently it has been experienced various times that the organizations got involved in various scandals that include sexual harassments and efforts to suppressing the evidences of such crimes. These are clearly unethical actions taken by the management to save the brand-value of the company and as a result of these, the image of the company got lowered and the reputation of the organization got ruined. Further by the application of the three ethical theories it can be stated that the operations of the businesses are clearly unethical. Bibliography Annas, J., 2015. Applying virtue to ethics.Journal of Applied Philosophy,32(1), pp.1-14. Barrow, R., 2015.Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement. Routledge. Bowen, S.A. and Prescott, P., 2015. Kants contribution to the ethics of communication.Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics,12, pp.38-44. Butler, S. (2018).Deliveroo accused of 'creating vocabulary' to avoid calling couriers employees. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/apr/05/deliveroo-couriers-employees-managers [Accessed 27 Feb. 2018]. Constantiou, I., Marton, A. and Tuunainen, V.K., 2017. Four Models of Sharing Economy Platforms.MIS Quarterly Executive,16(4). de Lazari-Radek, K. and Singer, P., 2017.Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. Graham, M. and Woodcock, J., 2018. Towards a fairer platform economy: introducing the Fairwork Foundation. Letwin, C., Wo, D., Folger, R., Rice, D., Taylor, R., Richard, B. and Taylor, S., 2016. The right and the good in ethical leadership: Implications for supervisors performance and promotability evaluations.Journal of Business Ethics,137(4), pp.743-755. Levitt, T., 2017.The Company Citizen: Good for Business, Planet, Nation and Community. Routledge. Lownsbrough, H. (2018).Ubers practices are morally unacceptable but a boycott wont help | Hannah Lownsbrough.the Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/13/uber-practices-company-london-consumer-sumofus Mulgan, T., 2014.Understanding utilitarianism. Routledge. Solon, O. (2018).Uber fires more than 20 employees after sexual harassment investigation.the Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation Stanoevska-Slabeva, K., Lenz-Kesekamp, V. and Suter, V., 2017. Platforms and the Sharing Economy: An Analysis EU H2020 Research Project Ps2Share: Participation, Privacy, and Power in the Sharing Economy, 2017. The Conversation. (2018).Uber can't be ethical its business model won't allow it. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/uber-cant-be-ethical-its-business-model-wont-allow-it-85015 [Accessed 27 Feb. 2018]. Van Hooft, S., 2014.Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge.

Most Annoying Things about Common Blog Post Titles

5 Most Annoying Things about Common Blog Post Titles Blog titles are your first introduction to your reading public. They are your siren call to your potential customers and clients. In a Google search, especially on a small screen, the title – limited in length to a few tens of characters, in many cases – may be all that your reader knows about you before clicking on your link.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Most Annoying Things about Common Blog Post Titles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, they deserve as much attention and care as every other portion of your blog, website and other elements of your marketing efforts. There exist some really annoying ways to construct a blog title, virtually guaranteed to irritate your audience. You can avoid these by being considerate of your reader’s limited time and aesthetic sensibilities. Misuse of English words The English language is arguabl y the richest world language in terms of vocabulary. Although there are some few concepts that do not have a specific word to express them, these instances are rare. If a writer exerts some effort, the right word, or at least the correct phrase to express almost any concept awaits your finding it. There is thus simply no excuse for the use of the wrong word. This applies as much to blog posting titles as much as it does to more formal types of writing. It is so irritating to see a blog title that was clearly composed with enthusiasm but little in-depth knowledge of the vast range of word choice options. Misuse of English phrases English has many idiomatic phrase constructions that are vivid and instantly evocative of images and ideas. However, as with any idiom, misuse of these phrases is a dead giveaway that the writer is either not literate or not an English speaker. One example of idiomatic constructions that are often (and irritatingly) mistaken is that of colloquial pairs. Phra ses such as ‘prim and proper’, or ‘by and large’, are virtually incomprehensible except as idioms that one simply memorizes. These phrases resist decoding of some of these phrases means that they are risky to use unless one has checked their meaning and applicability. Here again, a less than literate or fluent speaker is likely to ‘come a cropper’, or ‘lay an egg’, to use two phrases meaning make an embarrassing error. What is the solution to the two problems noted above? One is to be literate oneself. This involves reading constantly, and reading high quality material in a variety of fields and genres. Thus, for example, if you are a businessperson, try reading outside the financial press.Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, you should not only cast your eyes on the New York Times Book Review section (or anot her book review source) from time to time (in addition to the business section), but also actually read some of the books that are reviewed. This will expose you to the vocabulary and locutions employed in other areas of study and expertise. With time and increasing breadth of reading, you will be able to distinguish incorrect use of phrases more readily. Another solution is to hire writers who are fluent and competent users of English. This raises its own problem. How do you tell whether someone is a ‘power user’ of English? Well, if you are, yourself, a native speaker, it should be relatively easy. However, even native speakers may have spent more effort in their lives in honing (this is a frequently misused word, by the way) their business or technical skills, than on expository writing. In this situation, or if you are an ESL speaker yourself, it may be necessary to actually run a detailed grammar and word usage check on a sample of a prospective writer’s wor k. If a writing sample comes up clean, that gives you some assurance of this individual’s competence. Overstatement Saying that something is the best, the biggest, the most, is sometimes accurate but more often is just hyperbole. Consider carefully, as well, when making any sort of claim of uniqueness (e.g., ‘we are the only’). If it is not entirely true, and it seldom is, it is simply an irritant to your readers. Just stop and think before asserting that anything is the ultimate of any characteristic. Inaccuracy Your readers have limited time to devote to reading your blog, or any other writer’s. They appreciate being directed accurately to the most relevant topics. If you misstate the topic in the title, you can really turn off your readers. Think about what the content is, rather than what you want to sell, in generating a title. Uncertainty about the subject This can occur when the author does not understand the topic. Alternatively, it can occur when the author faces a nearly impossible challenge; to include the key words that the blog requires, as well as the specific topic of the post. How can you avoid this particular irritation? Be sure that you or your writer understands what the topic is, and don’t insist on overly long key words or phrases.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Most Annoying Things about Common Blog Post Titles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Your readers deserve to know what exactly you are trying to convey, not just be hit with a mini-sales-pitch. Be correct in your use of language and accurate in describing your blog post, and readers will think kindly of you and your product or service. 5 Golden Rules of Entry Level Resume Writing Hooray for you – you have made it to graduation. You have a degree in hand, and everything that this represents, to offer the world of work. Now, how to launch your career? Along with making p olite networking calls to everyone you know who might be in the position to hire, or be acquainted with someone who can hire; you need to assemble your resume/curriculum vitae. We’ll discuss some ideas for optimizing that effort. You may have been applying for jobs since you were of legal age to work. You may have a list of work experiences that fills several pages already. On the other hand, your first job hunt out of college may be, in fact, your first job hunt. In either case, your resume is your best means communicating how wonderful you are to prospective employers. Employers are receiving masses of resumes these days. While your parents may complain about how hard it was to get an employer’s attention back when they were trying to get their first jobs, your situation is more extreme. Your target employers are getting resumes via email as well as snail mail and personal delivery ‘over the transom’, as the old-school phrase described it. The amount of time that they can dedicate to your individual resume must be measurable in nanoseconds! You need to make the most of your one chance to grab the attention and eyeballs of the person who is making the hiring decision. In everything you do, consider the limited time available to make an impression on your reader. Don’t send out a one-size-fits-all resume – Know your audience: You need to research the organization or entrepreneur the resume is meant to impress. With the help of your computer and a printer, customization is not only possible, but crucial. See above for the reason; limited time on your reader’s part.Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She/he needs to be able to see how your qualifications are going to help them IMMEDIATELY. The reader should not have to figure this out. Spoon feed them! Connect your qualifications directly to the firm’s mission. The only way to do this effectively is to know the firm, their product, and anything else you can find out, in as much depth as possible. And, no, the effort is not wasted if you do not get that job. This research will stand you in good stead in applying to any similar firm. Don’t undersell yourself – Make the most of what you are: Consider all your good points and everything you have accomplished for inclusion in your resume. What should you include? Things that are legal, which you could discuss without embarrassment with your parents, are good items with which to start. Make a list of all courses you have taken, including non-credit ones. Make another with all your volunteer service, and one listing any experience that paid. List your travel, camps , outside lessons (e.g., violin, fencing, karate), and most especially, your honors. Go deep here, and list everything that could be construed as an award or distinction. List, as well, anything you did as your private passion. Maybe you taught yourself to fish, or knit, or had a garage band. Don’t include trivialities After you have listed everything – EVERYTHING – the real work begins. Your list is valuable and you should keep it. This investment of time you have made is a long-term one. However, you must select from this comprehensive list only the right items to put in each customized resume. For example, the prize you won for raffia work in middle school is not relevant for most office job applications. However, if you are applying to be a camp counselor, this could get you the job! Your embarrassing stint wearing historic colonial costume and demonstrating the crafts of the 1700s and 1800s may not seem immediately useful, but one young lady parlayed that v ery experience into an actual job teaching history. Don’t fib: The internet makes all information shareable – fast. Assume that any assertion you make can and will be followed up on if you receive a serious job offer. Be sure that you have provided enough information to allow your employer to reach someone who can confirm your achievements or at least your dates of employment. This is more important when you are starting out than perhaps later on. Employers are concerned about, among other things, your work ethic, and work habits, because you are just starting out. They cannot infer these things from your resume, and it is fair that they wish to speak with someone who knows you. Just be honest. If you cannot be sure that you will get a good reference, leave that employer or experience out. Don’t overshare: Your personal interests and the people/bands/movies/online games of which you are a fan do not generally constitute relevant information unless such predilect ions have resulted in some tangible achievement. Save such revelations for your social media page, but be careful there as well. Be sure that you have set things up so that only your presentable information is visible. In your resume, be professional rather than cute. Be truthful but not gushing, and toot your own horn. No one else will. Your resume is your best means to this end. 5 Most Annoying Things about Common Blog Post Titles Because blogs have become such a vital part of so many marketing efforts, it is critical that all their constituent parts be appealing and informative. This includes the title. You can avoid alienating your readers if you also avoid annoying them. Of course this is a challenge, given that you have such limited space and such minimal access to your reader’s attention. However, you can reduce your chance of irritating potential customers and clients by eschewing the following all too common errors. Titles that don’t give a clear indication of the subject matter Your readers, customers, clients, supporters, or donors– whatever their reason for coming to your blog post – has very limited opportunity, time, and attention to grasp your topic. They may have less than a second to read your title. They must decide instantly whether this is something they need to read, want to read, have the discretionary time to read, and are willing to invest the time to read. For your part, you have those same pitifully limited fractions of a second to let the reader know why they should click on your post at all. You need to be crystalline and transparent in the way you convey your content. Never mind that you may want to sell a product or service in the title as well. It is very important that your title reflect what the blog post is actually about. Otherwise you risk confusing your readers and potentially losing some who could actually use the substantive information you are providing. You also may make readers resentful bec ause they will feel that although they are being offered an informational blog, they are getting something else instead. Of course, you need to start by knowing what you are trying to convey in order to express it succinctly and accurately in a few words in your title. The technique that this writer uses is as follows: to create the topic sentence as precisely and as truthfully as possible, and then pare this down to the absolute minimum. Titles that are just plain meaningless because of confusion over word usage Have you seen the phrase ‘kick-up’ used where it should be ‘kick-start’? Have you seen the word ‘preponderance’ used where the near-but-not-quite synonym ‘superiority’ would be more graceful and more accurate? Have you seen a blog post title that included the awkward near-miss phrase, ‘going an extra mile’, rather than the more usually seen ‘going the extra mile’? These painful misuses of the Engl ish language trip up the eye and make the brain ache. If you can avoid doing this to your readers and potential clients, do so! There is no secure defense against such mistakes except true literacy. You need to be comfortable with idiomatic English (or whatever language you are using) or hire writers who are entirely at ease with it. There is no reliable substitute. In the absence of a writer who is fully fluent and facile with language, you can fall back on the online guides to grammar and usage. There are grammar checkers as well that cost something in a subscription or a one-time fee, but if you are doing a great deal of blog posting, it may be worth it. Titles that promise the best, the worst, the newest, the most effective, the ultimate – perhaps even including the title of this post! While this title format is tempting, sometimes ineluctably so, it should be kept for only those situations where it is really justified by the facts of the case. Asserting that you have ide ntified the ultimate of whatever item is under discussion, and then just recycling what everyone already knows is a tease for the reader that may result in resentment. Try to be restrained in your claims for your blog posting content. This writer has no hope of convincing anyone not to use this format, but please be forewarned about the risks. Titles that just sell, sell, sell We noted earlier that concealing a sales pitch under the aegis of an information blog posting is irritating. While it is more honest to make the sales purpose of the content explicit in the title, it is nonetheless annoying. Try to respect your readers’ time by offering something they can apply to daily life, rather than merely an advertisement. Titles that are so driven by awkward keywords that they make no sense It is certainly the case that keywords are important, and that they help your readers find you on the World Wide Web. However, an awkward key-phrase is going to really mess up the title thorou ghly. Yes, perhaps someone out there has searched, for example, on the word ‘homeworks’ – why, one has trouble imagining, but apparently someone has done so, and repeatedly enough for it to be detectable by the search engine algorithms. However, trying to include this seldom (if ever) used form of the word in the title is going to guarantee a clunky result (this writer speaks from painful personal experience). The same is true of any odd-ball forms of any word or phrase. If you feel that you must, absolutely must, use a word or phrase that sounds ridiculous, in the title, give yourself or your writer the freedom to work around this literary road block It is critical to not be misled into thinking that blog titles are somehow exempt from the rules for writing that apply elsewhere. Be clear and have integrity in what you put in the title. If you respect your readers’ time in your title, you will garner their attention and, one hopes, their business. 8 Ways t o Add Color to Your Writing Routine Writing for others, expository writing, writing to assignment, writing to a deadline; these are all challenging parts of being a freelancer. When you are creating on schedule, and expressing what someone else needs for you to express, rather than your own feelings or ideas, your writing can become quite mechanical. There is a distressing tendency to fall back on a handful of options for sentence structure or for illustrative phrases when writing under pressure. One assignment begins to sound disappointingly like the next and the previous one. After a while, you may find that your writing is not as interesting as you would like, and that is has become rather flat and grey, with no spark to interest the reader. If you went into writing because you love it (and why on earth else would one do so?) this situation can be depressing. A flattening and washing out of the dimensionality of your writing can also be a handicap in getting new jobs. Your client s want your services because you can grab the reader’s attention. If all they wanted was a mechanical text generator, they could use a piece of software. How can you keep your writing fresh and vivid? Think of your writing routine like your home. You want it to be filled with useful furnishings in beautiful colors in all probability. You want it illuminated well, and appropriately. You want your writing to be the same way, don’t you? You want to get the job done with appealing text, illuminated by useful insights. The best way to add this sort of liveliness to your writing is to be absorbing new and unfamiliar words, phrases, and locutions, drawn from every academic field, and realm of activity and endeavor. You should be expanding your bank of ideas every day, and learning how to use them appropriately. This need not cost an overly excessive amount in terms of money, time, or effort. Learn a new adjective and adverb each day There are dozens of free vocabulary-buildin g websites online. If you access one that you like, this can remain open while you are writing so that you can flip back and forth between your writing project and a screen that explains a new word or phrase. You really learn them thoroughly, and their proper use in real-life sentences. Read a variety of literature There is really nothing better than this approach. Reading is the way to see imaginative combinations of words and vivid metaphors in action. Your goal should be to look at a broad range of writing genres and styles. To accomplish your purpose, you want to be reading way outside your comfort zone and usual areas of interest. For example, if you regularly read the sports page of your favorite newspaper or news blog, find the arts review section, or the book review section, and take a look. (If you find a title there that remotely intrigues you, this is your chance to read a well-recommended book, or an exhibit that is worth visiting – see below.) Alternatively, if y ou read manga for fun, try reading some poetry from the 19th century or before. As you read, note the special terminology used in different fields, whether finance or literary criticism. You can be sure that every field has its own jargon and ways of expressing things. If you pick up on these, you may find ways to use them in your own writing, with care. At the very least, you will see that there is more than one way to say something. Listen to radio in a variety of genres There is wonderful stuff on the radio. If you are in a place that has limited radio, you can stream many radio programs over the internet. Consider Prairie Home Companion, or Le Show, from National Public Media. The BBC has a massive roster of fascinating shows that feature scientific and cultural discussion and use specialized terminology. Watch movies and TV shows that you don’t usually follow Here again, you can hear marvelously varied language in films from varying genres. Police procedurals, courtroom dramas, and wildlife documentaries, in particular, will expose you to specialty jargon. Appreciate visual art Whether you see it in a gallery, in person, or online, there is art available everywhere. The experience of viewing fine art is inspiring, and if you take the trouble to note your impressions of the work, you will be stretching your writing muscles in a fashion that is hard to duplicate. Listen to music This is a similar technique. You may be able to find free concerts, or just listen online to YouTube, but music is also inspiring, in slightly different ways. Again, if you will record your feelings in response to the performance, using words other than ‘awesome’, you will find your image-generating facilities improved. Immerse yourself in nature Nature is overwhelming. If you have any chance to be in touch with things that are green and growing, take it. The experience of nature, no matter how brief, will touch your nervous system in an irreplaceable way. Here a gain, you need to take down your impressions of your contact with the natural world. This exercise will expand your capacities as well. Talk with people whom you don’t usually, perhaps by volunteering Listen to the novel rhythms of their speech and think about how you could apply some of the ways that they use language. Although most people speak in slang and with incorrect grammar most of the time, the expressions that people use can spark ideas and images for you. This infusion of novel linguistic adornments can help to ignite your own creativity, and find expression in your writing. Keep in mind that exposure to new words, phrases, and ways of speaking, is the key to your work being constantly renewed. Use the riches of language around you to inspire new ways of expressing yourself and add color to your writing routine. This article on Most Annoying Things about Common Blog Post Titles was written and submitted by user Selah Vang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Summary of A Victim Essays

Summary of A Victim Essays Summary of A Victim Essay Summary of A Victim Essay In Bruno Bettelheim’s A Victim, his purpose is to prove that the victim has as much control over a situation as the aggressor. He demonstrates that if one does not act like a victim, then one will not be treated as a victim. Bettelheim also proves that if a person does not behave in an expected way then one can not stereotype them (Bettelheim 57). Bettelheim makes the point that the victim acts in ways that are just as annoying as the aggressor’s actions. Attention is not brought to it because it is easier to say if the aggression will come to a stop, then the person getting victimized reactions will change. He explains that will not always happen, because the victim and aggressor are interlocked. They both have the same effect on each other, and no one assumes that the victims actions play a role on the aggressor’s reaction (57). Bettelheim’s next point is if one does not act like a victim then one will not be treated as a victim. Because he does not beg or act like there was such a difference in him and the guard, he is not acting as the rest of the victims. It is shocking to the guard, his expectations of the Jewish people is not how this man is acting, and he lets the man through to get further treatment. Since the man does not act like a victim, it is hard for the guard to treat him as one (58). â€Å"Since I did not act as the dangerous Jew was expected to, I did not activate the anxieties that went with his stereotype† (58). Bettelheim’s main purpose, is that the victim has as much control over a situation as the aggressor.

ART 43 BASEL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ART 43 BASEL - Essay Example However, as her work developed she shifted from the focus on the political struggles. Most of her early work consisted of performance pieces, in which she had employed physical confrontation with the audience in order to make her political point. She had applied this procedure with the objective of making a direct statement using her body. The performance usually referenced her background and the political situation that was developing in Palestine. Her artwork contains strong references to surrealism and repeats many of the grid patterns that were found in most of the sculptures, and it brought out the element of the mind in relation to minimalism. Hatoum’s work defines a large variety of different subject matters using different theoretical frameworks. One interpretation of her work can be the description of the body, politics, gender and difference. She explores the dangers and the confinements of the domestic world. A very important point that arises from the different themes and ways in which she works is that all her works have multiple readings of inter pretations (MCH Group 1). Palestinian-born artist Mona Hatoum painted Witness in 2009, Porcelain biscuit 49cm by 24.3cm by 24 cm. Plinth, 121.5cm by 45cm by 45 cm, Edition of 10 plus 2 AP. This piece of art is a miniaturized rendition made of porcelain and is a representation of the Place des Martyrs that is found in the center of Beirut. The sculpture is now turned into an ornament, and faithfully reproduced the mutilation of the monument by the shells and the bullets of the civil war witnessed (â€Å"Mona Hatoum: Witness† 1). Many of her subjects have been related to the harbingers of the new world that included military interventions, exile, displacements and poverty that have led to insecurity and threat. This piece deals with the subject of medals and memorials, and shows that their meaning has changed through time. This piece was produced with the collaboration of the Iraq al Amir women’s

Environmental Ruin in Nigeria by Foreign Oil Corparations Essay

Environmental Ruin in Nigeria by Foreign Oil Corparations - Essay Example It causes disruption of human, animal and plant populations. Pollution caused by dumping of oil waste is a major threat to biodiversity. The effect of oil spillage on the marine life cannot be ignored. Both the physical properties and chemical properties of the oil have caused the death of many marine flora and fauna (Agyeman, 424). Introduction Nigeria, being a major oil producer, has not escaped these predicaments. The case is abundantly evident in the Niger delta region of Nigeria where oil mining is mostly practiced. Farmers have watched their source of livelihood taken away by oil pollution. Many of the tribes around are traditionally anglers, but the oil spillage has caused considerable reduction in number of fish in the river Niger. Nigeria is the land that has been endowed with both fertile agricultural lands and a rich oil resource. Major oil companies, including Shell, established mines in this country in 1950s. Since then, the oil mining activities have slowly damaged the natural habitats of the country through pollution of water, land and air. The effects have been this extensive that the livelihood of the Ogoni people who have lived in the Niger Delta for over 500 years is threatened. This paper focuses on how failure of the government to enact policies guarding the degradation of the environment has contributed to the state of environment in the Niger delta. ... Ground water has become contaminated and the people cannot dig up wells to get drinking water. Rainwater is also not safe to drink, as it falls in the form of acidic rain. This acidic rain greatly reduces the fertility of the soil, making it inviable for agricultural production. It is unfortunate that there is no piped water for people living in the region. Human right activists say that the foreign oil company has taken the people’s right to access to safe water. The government has instituted legislations that require mud drilled from mines to be confined in wells or landfills, avoiding seepage in developed countries. The Nigerian government lacks such legislation, and the foreign corporation dumps its drilling wastes directly into the rivers. Air pollution Oil mining has largely contributed to the air pollution in the area around the Niger delta. Flaring of natural gas methane is conducted near people’s homes, producing carbon dioxide fumes and soot. The release of th is gas causes a lot of pollution associated with diseases, such as asthma and lung cancer. This flaring has also caused stunted growth of crops in nearby farms. This is because the soot settles on the leaves of plant inhibiting photosynthesis and transpiration, and this has caused reduced crop yields from nearby farms. Oil spills and wastelands The most evident type of pollution is land pollution that is caused by oil spills. Oil spills causes degradation of the top soil by leaching of nutrients and adding toxic chemicals in the soil, making them unsuitable for plant growth. This oil spills cause destruction of vegetation and pollutes water, if released in the water bodies. There are several

Global Media and the Nestle Boycott Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Media and the Nestle Boycott - Essay Example One of the main concerns for the widespread use of infant formula among children is the high number of deaths especially in the least developed countries (LDC) where mothers substitute breastfeeding with infant formula. Nestle has been accused of its aggressive marketing strategies that convinces mothers in poor countries to abandon breastfeeding their children and resort to infant formula. This has attracted the longest boycott in history known as Nestle Boycott where organizations concerned with the Nestle’s marketing practices of its controversial infant product in third world countries despite the linkage of the product to the high rates of deaths among babies in those countries. The organizations that participate in Nestle Boycott have a number of arguments that they believe are worthy stopping Nestle to engage in the marketing of infant formula in LDC. In view of the immense social, cultural, and economic differences between first and third world countries, it is acutely unethical for core nation corporations such as Nestle to implement their marketing techniques in peripheral nations without realizing the severe consequences. The Genesis of the Boycott Henri Nestle, the founder of Nestle, S.A. is credited with inventing the first artificial food products for babies in the world in 1866. After New Internationalist  magazine published a story about the unethical marketing strategies that Nestle employed to sell its product to mothers in 1973 and in a booklet called  The Baby Killer,  in 1974, the company continues to face a boycott of its product infant formula. Nestle became the topic of consumer boycotts in the 1970s owing to its marketing practices. Powdered milk formula for infants was distributed free in hospitals to mothers who had given birth to newborn babies. What attracted the attention of consumers was the fact that this practice had not been witnessed in core countries like United States of America and England but only in less deve loped countries where the mothers were concerned about breastfeeding their babies. One of the most well known controversies involving Nestle involves the advertising and marketing of infant formula products to mothers in LDC around the world. The issue came up and attracted world attention in 1977 because of the Nestle boycott. Nestle continues to face criticism that the company violates the 1981 World Health Organization code that instituted regulations for marketing and advertising of breast milk substitutes (Solomon, p. 2).   The controversial issue led to the formation of groups such as the  International Baby Food Action Network  (IBFAN) and Save the Children  who continues to provide evidences that the promotion of infant formula over breastfeeding lead health problems and deaths among infants in less economically developed countries. Nevertheless, Nestle has continuous counteracted these claims by initiating company policies that are geared towards encouraging mothers to breastfeed their children and only resort to infant formula in cases where it is completely impossible to breast feed. Because of aggressive marketing strategies by Nestle, free samples were distributed at maternity units, and by Nestle sales representatives who addressed as quasi-medical personnel. The critiques of this marketing strategy pointed out that poor mother were being persuaded to resort to infant

Electricity Reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Electricity Reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina During the conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, huge number of transmission and distribution network was damaged. This resulted in a minimum electricity supply that was barely maintained. Thanks to a large number of donations, a major reconstruction occurred post-war of most of generation. Electricity as not the only sector affected by the war, coal, engineering and many other have suffered badly in during the 1992-1995 span. This has not been sufficiently monitored by the public sector due to weak and fragmented administrations. This has become a major barrier for the development and enforcement of electricity reforms to improve the overall performance of companies and to create effective markets. Both, the electricity demand and supply has greatly recovered and reached beyond the pre-war levels but the industrial consumption is low and still suffering, concentrated in a few large consumers. The main reason behind the household demand inflation is due to the excess use of electrical heating. Without an industrial recovery or development of new medium-sized, the likely trend in the medium term is for a reduction in household electricity heating consumption (with the expansion of the natural gas network) and a leveling of energy intensity of domestic electricity demand. Prior to electricity reforms, the electricity market in BiH was characterised by disintegration. All the power of the sector was controlled by Governments (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Affairs, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry) This affected and visibly slowed down the process of the reforms having a biggest impact on adopting of uniform laws that were the base for creating key institutions. Because of the unique situation in BiH with three entities, presidents, etc., there are three independent non-profit regulators as well, the state and two entity ones. Each one of them has clearly divided responsibilities which do not interfere in each others work. The commission of State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) consists of three members who manage SERC according to the principle of annual rotation. It consists out of three members, two from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the third one from Republika Srpska. While the members from FBiH are proposed by the Parliament of FBiH while the member from RS is proposed by the National Assembly of RS. Currently, the Regulator has 26 employees which include commission members. These two gather money through different ways, while the financing of RERS is provided by the Law on Energy of RS, SERC gathers money from regulatory fees paid by licensed companies. FERK on the other hand operates in the way that it submits the budger proposal to the Parliament of FBiH and then the Parliament itself adopts the budget. FERK is financed by the Law on Energy of FBiH from compensations and taxes of companies. The institutional reform of the electricity power sector BiH has proved to be pretty sucessful and is consistent with good results and continuos improvement. But the electricity sector is still a long way off being stable and in good shape and form. Many deficiencies are still present as for example problems often occur in the distribution of profits and investments or for example a bigger and more serious problem, BiH does not have legislation on the energy efficiency at the state level although that should be obligatory according to Energy Community Treaty and many other signed documents in accordance to the EU legislation. Electricity Regulation and Reforms The power sector reform in BiH officially began with the adoption of the entity laws on electricity, though which a number of important institutions in the energy sector have been made. Bosnia and Herzegovina still relies on several important agreements which are closely related to the reform as they aim to join and keep coming closer to the EU. Due to their ambition to enter the EU as soon as possible, it is obvious that they would have to adapt to the single electricity market of the Union. Three main documents have been signed by the authorities in BiH which have been crucial for its improvement and movement towards the single market in electricity. These are: Energy Community Treaty Treaty establishing the Energy Community of South East Europe Agreement of Stabilisation and Association The first, Energy Community Treaty (ECT), is considered as one of the most important agreements that Bosnia and Herzegovina has ever signed in the energy sector. According to this agreement, the stable regulatory framework, single regulatory space, security of supply, energy efficiency, competition and use of renewable energy should all be visible and present in the energy sector of BiH. Through this agreement, BiH has forced itself to meeting certain obligations and goals which have been agreed upon the ECT. The Energy Community Treaty was also the base for creating the road map for such market openness. It clearly prescribes guidelines and dynamics of key reforms in five key areas. The fact that BiH had only one real customer in Aluminij Mostar until 2012 speaks for itself about the market openness in the electricity sector. But an encouraging fact was that from 2008 all tariff customers, not including households, had the opportunity and freedom to choose their own suppliers and become eligible customers. When comparing BiH to the EU countries, there is an obvious and large distinction in the market openness of the electricity sector. From 2009, almost all EU countries bar a few were fully opened to competition. Two main reasons for low-market openness in BiH: Electricity prices for industrial customers in BiH are the lowest when comparing to EU countries. Electricity prices are equal to the prices at which they are supplied as tariff customers. The Electricity Policy Statement was adopted in 2000. The main reason and objective behind this policy was to establish and achieve in producing a competitive electricity market in Bosnia and Herzegovina which would enable all customers to have a choice between more electricity suppliers. The main goal of this reform plan was ensuring a long-term sustainable and a high-performing sector while introducing EU regulations which would be visible through effective competition. In this effort, the following laws were adopted at the State level: Æ’ Law on transmission, regulator and system operator of electricity (2002); Æ’ Law on establishing the Transmission Company, Elektroprenos BIH (2004); and Æ’ Law on establishing Independent System Operator, NOS BIH (2004) At the entity level, two separate laws on electricity generation and distribution were adopted by FBiH (2002, 2005) and RS (2002, 2003). DERK, as the State regulator, is responsible for electricity transmission while FERC and REERS, the entity regulators, cover generation and distribution in FBiH and RS, respectively. Further to the unbundling of the transmission grid, the restructuring of the vertically integrated state-owned electricity companies has been based on the â€Å"Harmonised Action Plans for the Restructuring of the power sector† adopted in 2003 in Republika Srpska and in 2005 in FBiH. The main stages of this Plan included the reallocation of assets into a joint stock company, the commercialisation and the unbundling of generation and distribution by 2008. While the state-owned electricity companies have been transformed into joint-stock companies (JSC), to date the other stages of the Plan have not been achieved, in particular the creation of a distribution system operator (DSO), a requirement of the Energy Community Treaty. On a positive note, corporate performance, in particular accounting transparency, has progressed. As of 2008, the opening of electricity markets in Bosnia and Herzegovina to domestic and foreign competition has focused on setting eligibility consumption thresholds and connecting directly to the network, as well as third party access to the transmission network as described by DERK’s â€Å"Rule on third party access† (2006). Third party access to 6 distribution networks is monitored by the entity regulators. To date, however, no supplier switch has been reported. Significant progress has been achieved at the national level in adopting a single regulation for transmission and merging national transmission ownership and operation under one regulator. As recently established bodies, the TSO and ISO need to strengthen their capacity and power. However, regulation and oversight for generation and distribution remains separated at the entity level. Furthermore, three (four with Bckro) separate companies operate a very fragmented distribution network over the territory (see map above), raising operational, efficiency and economic issues. The unbundling of these services has not advanced significantly, raising concerns about effective third party access to the respective distribution networks. While regulators set tariffs and prices, most of expenses for an adequate maintenance and replacement of facilities as well as for non-wage obligations (pensions) are not covered. The price structure still subsidises households and large industries (e.g. aluminium). There is a clear need to analyse the costs and benefits of this indirect support system and, if justified, to set up a transparent direct subsidy scheme. Although the TSO is responsible for the country’s transmission development plan and the ISO prepares an indicative generation development plan based on elements provided by the entity administrations and companies, the coordination and coherence of the system is inadequate and ineffective. For instance, the announced investment projects which would see a tripling of domestic installed capacity, with a focus on export markets, is not feasible within the context of the current grid and interconnection capacities. This will require major investments in the transmission network, extremely difficult to finance under the current tariff structure. These projects need to be assessed under a consolidated least cost plan with a more detailed analysis of domestic and export markets, in a context of high volatility. Also in the context of fragmented and weak regulation and administration, major investments by powerful foreign investors could lead to imbalances in the investment and operat ional oversight process and to a strong dependency. The recent decisions (2007) by entities to award concessions without open and transparent tenders to private investors have raised concerns over transparency and the effectiveness of economic benefits at the local and national level. This risks fragmenting the sector still further. At the 4th World Bank Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum it was â€Å"recommended urgent[ly] to develop, adopt and enforce a state-wide, uniform and transparent procedure for the construction of new generation plants in compliance with EU regulation†. A national least-cost electricity supply plan should provide a ranking of the most viable rehabilitation and construction projects and be coordinated with generation and transmission planning of the grid operators. The electricity sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina still faces the challenge of completing its rehabilitation, diversifying the power generation mix and complying with EU environmental standards, in particular the Large Combustion Plants (LCP) Directive. It also needs to improve overall technical and managerial performance, diversify the power mix notably with CHP, small hydropower and biomass in order to compete on export markets and prepare for effective domestic and regional market opening. At the company level, this will require sustained effort to reach EU corporate governance standards. At the ministry and regulator level, there is a clear need to strengthen ownership rights and oversight over the sector as well as to consolidate and coordinate the state and entity levels. The administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina needs to develop an overall, coordinated and coherent national policy and action plan backed by economic tools, in particular independent least cost plans and demand projections. An integrated supply and demand least cost plan would help prioritise refurbishment projects and reduce grid losses. In this respect, the World Bank’s energy study should provide crucial elements and tools to be further developed and used by the administration in coordination with electricity companies. Persistent fragmentation of the electricity sector structure and regulation is not sustainable in the longer term and will risk the sector’s marginalisation in the region. Key issues: Infrastructure rehabilitation, grid losses, non-cost reflective prices, system and regulation fragmentation These reforms had the aim and strived for the electricity sector to: Perform more efficiently, both technically and commercially; Enables efficient and effective competition (most important); Meet international standards in terms of cost effectiveness, quality of service, security of the system and the environment; Allows companies to recover their full costs including a reasonable return on investment; Has a universal service obligation; Attracts private capital to the sector; -Complies with EU rules for the internal electricity market in the medium term. Regulation of network prices All consumers in BiH with the exception of Aluminij-Mostar are captive consumers of their local utilities and have no freedom of choice when it comes to their suppliers. There are also no cases of contracting the supply outside local utility borders and the problem with importing electricity in BiH is that All consumers in Bosnia and Herzegovina except Aluminij–Mostar (8% of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s consumption in 2013) are captive customers of their local incumbent utilities. There are no cases of contracting the supply outside the local utility borders. The incumbent local suppliers were appointed as â€Å"reserve suppliers† in the transitional period before 2015 and â€Å"suppliers of last resort† by the regulatory authorities in all jurisdictions, and are likely to delay market opening in the future. Wholesale market opening suffers from the absence of liquid trading platforms. Trading takes place through bilateral transfers between dominant utilities and registered traders, including exports and transits. In terms of price regulation, the Law on Electricity in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina allows for access to regulated supply for all eligible customers, including large ones and without limitations. This violates Article 3 of Directive 2003/5 4/EC. Even worse, the price of generation for the supply of customers supplied at regulated prices (i.e. the wholesale price) is also regulated. The Law on Electricity in Republika Srpska makes electricity supply at regulated prices by subsidiaries of EP RS available to all customers. This exceeds what is allowed under Article 3 of the Directive. The Law similarly supports price regulation for production by EP RS sold to local utilities and Komunalno Brcko. The Electricity Law in Brcko District also misinterprets the concept of public service in providing regulated supply of all captive customers. This prevents supplier switching in practice. All three regulatory authorities have adopted rules for supplier switching and price methodologies for supply services available to eligible customers in the transition period before 1 January 2015, and to households and small customers as last resort supply. As the electricity market is very specific and almost unique, the market must be regulated in order for the network fees to be reasonable. The reason behind this is that the competition in this market in BiH is almost non-existent what then creates monopolistic tendencies by the authorities in BiH. For instance, FERK and RERS are entity regulators which adopted and developed separated Rules of Tariff Methodology and Tariff Proceeding regarding the distribution tariffs. In the other hand meanwhile, SERC is occupied with approving prices for transmission network that are the same for all participants in BiH. Quality regulation One of the most important parts of the electricity market which needs to be regulated and closely observed is most definitely the quality in the electricity supply. It is perhaps the most essential indicator of successful business of electric power companies. It is crucial for the customers to have a freedom of choice when it comes to the selection of the electricity suppliers, and as the competitiveness increases, so does the quality and service in the electricity market. If companies do not proceed to adapt and improve in order to be competitive in the market, they will soon lose out all their customers and the funds which are necessary in order for their company to operate and exist on the market. Competition As mentioned previously, the competition is the healthiest way to improve and motivate companies to continue improving their supply, quality, decrease costs and many other factors which would satisfy the customers further more and be positive for the country in the long run. Also, EU regulations emphasizes competitiveness as a step forward to meeting their standards and achieving one goal more towards entering the EU market. Recommendations: Reorganize and reinforce the way in which the regulators operate. Emphasizing the unity of the three regulators into one single structure with more entity branches and dividing the power and duties by those branches; Unify regulation for generation and distribution in line with EU requirements, ensure cost-reflective tariffs and reduce cross-subsidies; if justified, set up a transparent direct subsidy scheme for large industries; Proceed with improving the restructuring of electricity companies towards European standards Adopt a national least-cost supply plan, generation planning and demand forecast under the supervision of the national regulator and ISO. Sources: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/epr/experts/BosniaAndHerzegovina/UNDP/UNDP_Bosnia.pdf Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Volume 1 edited by N.H. Afgan, R. Della Morte https://www.energy-community.org/portal/page/portal/ENC_HOME/AREAS_OF_WORK/Implementation/Bosnia_Herzegovina/Electricity http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/epr/experts/BosniaAndHerzegovina/UNDP/UNDP_Bosnia.pdf http://fipa.gov.ba/doc/brosure/Energy%20sector.pdf http://www.elektroprivreda.ba/eng/page/general-information

paradigms :: essays research papers

The truth does not change according to our ability to stomach it. "acategories.asp?Author=Flannery+O%27Connor+%281925%2D1964%29" If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts. "acategories.asp?Author=Albert+Einstein+%281879%2D1955%29" everyone since teh beginning fo time has had their own views and standards for the way that everything around them should be. these views are seemingly set in stone and unchangeable. there are many examples in the past of terrible consequences for expressing views other than the norm at the time. more recently this apprehension to change was described by Thomas Kuhn in his book, The Structure of Scientific Revoulutions. Kuhn’s book was focused on the scientific world. He said that normal science â€Å"means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievments, achievments thatsome particular scientific community aacknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice† (Kuhn 10). These achievments needed to be unprecedented and open-ended so as to attract a group away from competing ideas and to leave all sorts of problems for this group to resolve. these achievments are called paradigms. a paradigm is defined by Kuhn as â€Å"an accepted canon of scientific practice, including laws, theory, applications, and instrumentation, that provides a model for a particular coherent tradition of scientific research† (Trigger 5). When results arise that cannot be explained through the current paradigm, a new paradigm may begin to form. the new paradigm originates with new theories that are proposed as a result of the anomalies that were found. â€Å"to be accepted as a paradigm, a theory must seem better than its competitors, but it need not, and in fact never does, explain all the facts with which it can be confronted† (Kuhn 17-18). when the new paradigm is finally accepted, a paradigm-shift occurs. the paradigm shift represents Kuhn’s â€Å"scientific revolution†. Once the paradigm-shift is completed normal science returns under the new paradigm until new set of unexplainable facts arise. paradigms help scientific communities to bind their discipline in that they help the scientist to do several things. they help to create avenues fo inquiry, formulate questions, select methods with which to examine questions and define areas fo relevance. Kuhn writes â€Å"In the absence fo a paradigm or some candidate for paradigm, all the facts that could possibly pertain to the development of a given science are likely to seem equally relevant† (Kuhn 15). what he was trying to show was that there must be a way to limit the direction of one’s research based on what is considered to be known from the past.

Gang Resistance Education and Training Essay

Gang Resistance Education and Training (G. R. E. A. T) is a national program that educates elementary and middle school children how to avoid becoming a gang member. The program is instructed by police officers and is part classroom instruction and other learning activities. â€Å"The goal of the GREAT program is to teach youth how to set goals for themselves, how to resist peer pressure, how to resolve conflicts, and how gangs can affect the quality of their lives. (Ramsey, Rust, & Sobel, 2003) The program also teaches the youth personal empowerment, among other things, that prevent them from getting into any gang activity. Originally the program was based off a nine lesson middle-school curriculum. The beginning of the G. R. E. A. T. program started in early 1992 in Arizona. The program was so successful that in 1993 it ballooned across the nation and was supported by congress as a part of the Alcohol Tobacco and Firearm’s project outreach. G. R. E. A. T. became one of the primary prevention programs. In 1995, the G. R. E. A. T. Program underwent a comprehensive five-year longitudinal evaluation and study by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), in conjunction with the University of Nebraska at Omaha, to measure the impact of the program. † (Board, 2011) The report showed that those involved in the program had â€Å"lower rates of victimization, more negative views about gangs, more favorable attitudes toward law enforcement, reduced risk-seeking behaviors, and increased association with peers involved in prosocial activities. (Board, 2011) In 2000 the program underwent a curriculum review as a result of this review the program revised their core curriculum and used a random field trial where classrooms were randomly assigned to be control and test groups. The field test spanned thirty-one schools among seven cities and about four thousand students. The results showed that after one year, students from the test group had lower gang membership as compared to the control group. This was due to the lessons that the program was teaching the students. The lessons that G. E. A. T. mainly focused on provided life skills to student in order to make it possible for them to avoid violence and delinquent behavior. The program consists of thirteen, one hour sessions. The program is also facilitated by a summer program combined with a family training component. The main focus of this program was to keep the youth out of the criminal justice system. One of the benefits of the program was that the youth detention centers received less youth offenders arriving at their facility. This benefit is a result of educating the youth about gangs. Reactions to the term, gang, elicits a mixed response due to the media, music, movies, and personal experience. The questions that remain regarding the recruitment of gang membership are: why is the number of gang members raising when the information is out there about the violent and destructive behavior of the gangs? The other aspect that should be asked is why do prospective members overlook the violence that is required of them during a gang war with rival gangs. These questions can be answered by looking at how the gangs recruit. The success of the gang’s recruitment can also be their undoing. The success of a crime prevention program is higher when they are led by the students or peers. This is also how the gangs recruit, using the prospective members peer group to recruit them to join the gang. The prevention programs are shown to help the community by making the school safer, which ultimately gives the students an advantage in improving their chances to be successful and a contributing member of society. These programs also increase the social bonds like the ones seen in control theories and social learning. Recruiting gang members is a problem in America but this is only the start of the problem. One of the main problems identified in cities across the United States as it’s progressed to the twenty-first century is gang violence. A person can see a link between the individual’s interaction and the social learning theories with regards to gangs. This is why the goals of G. R. E. A. T. are to stop gang involvement, violence, and prevent youth crime. They do this by providing a pathway to develop relationships with their family, other young people, and most importantly law enforcement officials in order to create a safer environment for the youth. In order to make a bigger impact, the program is taught in two different school levels. The G. R. E. A. T. program is taught to the youth starting in elementary and continuing until middle school. The elementary program and middle school program are both skill based learning. The elementary program is designed as an introduction course to the middle school program. The elementary program sets the foundation that begins to teach the youth skills that are needed for the more intensive program that is taught in middle school. All of this is done while they develop the bond between the youth and law enforcement officials. These bonds continue to develop once the students move onto the middle school program. The curriculum of the middle school program is more in depth in an attempt to cement the good behaviors of the students. This is done by enhancing their knowledge of their actions and consequences. These courses are taught to the sixth and seventh grade students. They are based on scenarios in order to show the student how to avoid engaging in violent behavior. At the middle school level the youth should have a good foundation based on the elements of the program. This program would not be possible or successful without the devoted teachers. The classes are taught by specially trained law enforcement officials. These instructors learn how to teach the key skills that they will give the students. These skills help the youth to avoid joining gangs and refrain from getting in trouble with law enforcement. The G. R. E. A. T. rograms success is based on the fact that the officers that are associated with the program still commit time to the youth of the program the semester immediately following the training sessions. The G. R. E. A. T. program requires an enormous amount of obligation from the law enforcement officers. The officer’s commitment begins with a one or two week training program. This training requires the officer to prep heavily for the training out of the classroom environment. In order for the officers to receive their training certificate they much attend all the classroom sessions. The classroom portion of the training requires the officer’s to perform both informal and formal presentations to the class. The officers are also required to maintain standards, failure to maintain these standards are grounds for dismissal from the program. Another requirement of the officer is that their records and work history most be clear of any type of disciplinary incidents. The program is fairly successful, but there are concerns. The concerns about the program are that the youth by the time they are in the program have already been exposed to a lot of the activities that the program teaches to avoid. However, the ones that teach the program feel this is an invaluable program because any action to prevent criminal activity is worth it. This is a valued point, but only if they can get to the youth before they are completely corrupted. It is hard to break a habit that has been part of your life for a long time. That is why the earlier the youth is when entering into the program, the better the chances for change. â€Å"The impact of the intervention must obviously be measured when the delinquent behavior usually appears, that is, no earlier than preadolescence. Clearly, we must expect interventions that aim to change the course of human development will have long-term effects. † (Esbensen, Osgood, Taylor, Peterson, & Freng, 2001) During the program the youth learn that influences in and out of school cause them to do things that are not socially acceptable. It is at this moment when the officers know they can reach the youth and effect change. The program ultimately teaches the youth their good and bad behaviors, giving them an opportunity to identify their behavior and become productive members of their society. The younger youth are oblivious to the fact that their peers are convincing them to commit criminal acts. For this reason, the lessons taught in the elementary program is beneficial to prevent the manipulation of the youth. The youth are exposed to multiple topics that give them the needed skills to resist gang recruitment. The sessions are designed to be interactive which give the youth an opportunity to learn and practice good behaviors that will assist them throughout their lives. Both the elementary and middle school program share the same key aspects. One of the aspects of the G. R. E. A. T. rogram is the teaching of life skills which is what the main structure of the program is based on. â€Å"G. R. E. A. T. instruction focuses on providing life skills to students to help them avoid delinquent behavior and resorting to violence to solve problems. † (What is G. R. E. A. T.? , 2012) This program is designed to prevent youth violence, delinquency, and gang membership. These skills are important to be taught before the youth hits the desired age for the gangs to recruit and to prevent delinquency. The program also benefits communities that do not have gang problems by preventing youth violence and delinquency. The program attempts to stop the bad behavior of the youth by reaching them at an early stage of development. The earlier the interaction with the youth, the easier the transition is going to the middle school program. There are four components to the program which are taught in thirteen sessions. The components are the elementary program, middle school program, summer program, and family training. The elementary and middle school component are both integrated with National English language arts standards and national health education standing and is based on effective research practices. (Elementary School – G.  R. E. A. T. Program – Gang Resistance Education And Training, 2012) (Middle School – G. R. E. A. T. Program – Gang Resistance Education And Training & , 2012) The elementary program is intended for fourth and fifth grade students. This program gives the elementary and middle school students a better chance in preventing behavioral problems. Its success has ballooned over the years making it a national treasure as well as spreading outside of the United States. â€Å"Since the G. R. E. A. T. Program went nationwide in 1992, many law enforcement agencies and schools from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.  S. territories of Guam and Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Canada, Central America, England, and military bases in Japan and Germany have implemented the program. † (Organization – G. R. E. A. T. Program – Gang Resistance Education And Training, 2012) The program is now being taught by the dedicated law enforcement officers in over 500 communities across the nation. The continued success of the program depends on the programs ability to maintain its â€Å"strong organizational structure to regulate decisions and program or curricula changes. † (Organization – G. R. E. A. T.  Program – Gang Resistance Education And Training, 2012) Since the program started in 1991, thousands of students have graduated from the program. G. R. E. A. T. has achieved great and expected positive results. â€Å"The evaluation survey was first administered to youths when they were in 7th grade and re-administered annually through 11th grade. Results show that G. R. E. A. T. was able to successfully change several risk factors (e. g. , peer group associations and attitudes about gangs, law enforcement, and risk-seeking behaviors) associated with delinquency and gang membership. (Esbensen, 2004) The reason for the success of this program is the dedication of the program to elicit the change of the students. They do this by teaching the youth the social skills that lead them into feeling confident enough to be able to refuse to participate in their previous delinquent behaviors and become a contributing member of society. The continued success of the program relies on many things. The future of the program depends on the commitment of the law enforcement officials who run it. If the pattern continues since the inception of the program, the program will continue to gain steam and grow stronger. The changes that should be implemented to the program are small tweaks, but would improve its success. The first change that should be implemented is the program should start the youth in the program at a younger age. This would ensure that the youth would gain skills to avoid the gangs before they experience any gang activities. This would ultimately ensure the youths success in gaining the skills to refuse the gangs advances and delinquent behaviors. Other aspects of the program should include ride along programs, jail or prison visits, and make the youth more active in the middle school program. Gaining these aspects will give the youth the feel of responsibility as well as teach them where continuation of their actions could lead them eventually if they do not change their ways. The results from the program show that the students that have gone through the program have shown a more optimistic feeling about law enforcement officials. The kids that are enrolled in the G. R. E. A.  T program develop an understanding that make the gangs less a desirable life and give them skills to reject gang membership. The youth that are enrolled in the program have shown a resistance to the pressures from their peers and are less likely to act out with violence. The youth also find a way to disassociate with the peers that originally led them to begin their delinquent behavior. The youth find themselves exerting less anger and those that graduate from the program have low affiliation to gangs. The G. R. E. A. T. program is very successful at helping youth resist gangs.

Free Essays on Teenage Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

TEENAGE OCD Many teens suffer from a variety of disorders. These disorders include eating disorders, social disorders, behavioral disorders, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and won’t let go. This can persist throughout a person’s life; gradually worsening.OCD has a few different forms, including the fear of dirt and germs, compulsive hoarding, disturbing mental images of aggressiveness, and most commonly, rituals of counting or arranging objects. For teenagers this is a major problem because the compulsions can cause interference with daily life. For example, one obsessive disorder, which affects some teens, called Body Dysmorphic Disorder, can have a person staring into a mirror for hours at a time, trying to fix something which they feel is unattractive. This can create excessive concerns about someone’s personal appearance, which can consume major amounts of time. Doing so could possibly cause a teen to be late for school or work. Another compulsion teenagers face is the constant washing of the hands. They may feel that their hands are covered in germs and contamination, which causes them to wash their hands uncontrollably. This can cause their hands to become raw, and they may avoid touching door handles or commonly used things, for fear that they may catch diseases or infections. Teenagers commonly keep these disorders secret, because they are afraid that they will be seen as weird by their peers. There are a few different types of treatments for OCD. One is called Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, or CBT. In CBT, you are exposed to things which you fear, so that eventually your fear subsides. For example, if a patient is afraid of germs on their hands, the doctor may have the patient try and touch things that would normally raise high amounts of anxiety. Medication can also be used to help a teen deal with OCD. While rese... Free Essays on Teenage Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Free Essays on Teenage Obsessive Compulsive Disorder TEENAGE OCD Many teens suffer from a variety of disorders. These disorders include eating disorders, social disorders, behavioral disorders, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and won’t let go. This can persist throughout a person’s life; gradually worsening.OCD has a few different forms, including the fear of dirt and germs, compulsive hoarding, disturbing mental images of aggressiveness, and most commonly, rituals of counting or arranging objects. For teenagers this is a major problem because the compulsions can cause interference with daily life. For example, one obsessive disorder, which affects some teens, called Body Dysmorphic Disorder, can have a person staring into a mirror for hours at a time, trying to fix something which they feel is unattractive. This can create excessive concerns about someone’s personal appearance, which can consume major amounts of time. Doing so could possibly cause a teen to be late for school or work. Another compulsion teenagers face is the constant washing of the hands. They may feel that their hands are covered in germs and contamination, which causes them to wash their hands uncontrollably. This can cause their hands to become raw, and they may avoid touching door handles or commonly used things, for fear that they may catch diseases or infections. Teenagers commonly keep these disorders secret, because they are afraid that they will be seen as weird by their peers. There are a few different types of treatments for OCD. One is called Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, or CBT. In CBT, you are exposed to things which you fear, so that eventually your fear subsides. For example, if a patient is afraid of germs on their hands, the doctor may have the patient try and touch things that would normally raise high amounts of anxiety. Medication can also be used to help a teen deal with OCD. While rese...